K-factor Stainless Steel Pendent and Recessed Pendent Sprinklers must be installed in accordance with this section. See More Items from this Family (3)We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 6% max), chromium, cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, niobium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, zirconium, etc. 33 K factor 0. The TYCO Series TY-B, 5. 125 and a K-factor of . 446 inch. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. K = t Mt K = t M t t = neutral axis, Mt= Material Thickness The Material thickness is pretty self. If it is used, I use k=0. 1 bar (30 psi) minimum OPERATING 4. Design Gasket Factors 96. In a part, click Insert > Sheet Metal > Bend Table > New. A spring bacK-Factor of Ks=1 means there is. Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. Below is a discussion of several 316 stainless steel characteristics:Find the linear expansion coefficient for steel: 12. Stainless Steel 330 (X12NiCrSi36-16):Cutting conditions, Recommended Carbide Grades, Equivalent Material Standards, and Chemical Composition. Also, it does not account for the temperature or viscosity of the water. Note 1: The bend radius you select may not be available if the geometry of the part will not allow us to bend with the specific tooling required to achieve that radius. 33 K factor 0. 0. 998. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. 8 billion tons produced per year. 40 Thickness to 3 × thickness: 0. 8 Bare Steel with Guide Point; DIN 7984-8. The heat transfer convection coefficient for air is 50 W/m 2 K . The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to material thickness (as shown in the equation below). 81 m/s 2] The value of the friction factor is dependent on the Reynolds number, the shape of the pipe, and the roughness of the pipe walls. Source: STEEL PRODUCTS MANUAL, STAINLESS AND HEAT RE-SISTING STEELS, DECEMBER 1974, American Iron andThe K values given below are for making estimates of friction loss in cases not covered in the previous tables. From our testing, the K-factor without lubrication is all over the board. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. ) who originally posited it as = where represents the applied true stress on the material, is the. 446. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. 5 - 7. Overall heat transfer coefficient (k) is a measure of the resistance to heat flow, made up of the resistances caused by the plate material, amount of foul-ing, nature of the fluids and type of exchanger used. The three roughness regimes are as follows: Dynamically smooth: 0 ≤ u*ε/ν ≤ 5. Bulletin 065. Importance of the K-factor in sheet metal design. If possible could someone share a copy of their gauge. The tensile, fracture, and fatigue crack growth properties of 316L stainless steel (SS) produced using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique were evaluated and compared with those of conventionally manufactured (CM) austenitic SSs. q / A = [(17 W/(m K)) / (2 10 -3 m)] (80 o C) = 680000 (W/m 2 ) = 680 (kW/m 2 ) From VDI2230-1 [3], friction coefficient of dry austenitic stainless steel bolt is >= 0. 100 0. The most common grade of austenitic stainless steel is 304 (1. Bend Allowance (BA) = (Π/180) × ( R + K×T) × A. Created a custom iProperty and push the k-factor from the current sheet-metal style through to it. BA = Pi (R+K*T)A/180 (8) Therefore, the value of K will always be between 0 and 1. Concrete (Dry) Rubber. K-factor= [Multiplier × (Inside Radius/Material Thickness)] + Minimum K-factor. 67. 78 Pipe Entrance Flush Sharp-Edged 0. 33 K factor 0. It is derived from high cycle fatigue tests by applying a load at constant amplitude (also S-N test) to DIN 50100, and is divided into the regions of low cycle fatigue K, finite life fatigue Z and high cycle fatigue. ANTI-SEIZE Stainless does not contain copper and exhibits extremely low sulphur and chlorine. In construction, the R-value is the measurement of a material's capacity to resist heat flow from one side to the other. Let’s start with 90 degrees bend which is the most simple scenario. Therefore, the bend allowance added to the flange lengths is equal to the total flat length. 5 m) to estimate the relative roughness k s /D H, the mean velocity (by continuity) and the Reynolds number. These are 304 SS material. Just select a k factor according to your material from the table below. If we know the Reynolds number and the roughness - the friction coefficient - λ - in the particular flow can be calculated. For instance, 304 stainless steel forms a radius 20 to 22 percent of the die width, while a radius in 5052-H32 aluminum forms at 13 to 15 percent of the width. 2 U. 17 8. 8 meter per square second) D = Diameter of. Ideal to use in areas with high exposer to. It contains tenacious metals, oils and graphite materials. radius. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. 5 just mentioned. You can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. Connection Size. It contains at least 10. 44 (cr4/hr4) stainless steel 0. h: heat transfer coefficient, W/ (m 2 K)Emissivity is a measure of the efficiency in which a surface emits thermal energy. 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. 62. 44 psi/100ft = 9. Coefficients of friction between materials are best determined through. copper 0. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. Stainless Steel 316 . A premium formulation for a wide variety of applications over a wide temperature range. However, studies have found that wear coefficient is more suitable. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. Various K Factors: Typical Steel Bolt: 0. Carbon and Mild Steel. Data Tables Table 2. 15. 01 m) = 0. e. Assume a. . Fn for stainless steel spring steel is approx. The inside radii are based off of a standard Air Bend Force Chart. 69) in which yi and xi stand for the mole fractions of component i. v = flow velocity (m/s, ft/s) minor loss can also be expressed as head water column - mm H2O or. 5% chromium and no more than 1. 141). Here are the steps to be followed to calculate sheet metal flat length: Step-1: Enter Flange Length, Internal Radius, and thickness values. Modulus of elasticity 193 GPa. K factor is the ratio between the distance between the inside radius of the bend and the neutral axis to the sheet thickness. It is defined as the fraction of energy being emitted relative to that emitted by a thermally black surface (a black body). Piping Material. Churchill Friction Factor Formulae and Calculator ; Pipe Friction Equations Within Pipe For Fluid Flow ; Link to this Webpage: Copy Text to clipboard. ” When a flat piece of material is bent the inside face of the bend is compressed and the outside part stretches. I have tried it today and it doesn't seem to give exactly the result I was expecting. C. 4301/1. The K-factor approximations given below are more likely to be accurate for air bending than the other types of bending due to the lower forces involved in the forming process. The following datasheet gives more details about grade 317 stainless steel. Mathematically bend allowance during Sheet metal bending can be calculated as per the following formula. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. K-Factors for TX series flow meters are valid ONLY for meters purchased after January 1, 2011. Sustainable building with Stainless steel - The David L. AISI 316L stainless steel is a modified ultra-low carbon Cr-Ni-Mo series austenitic stainless steel based on AISI 316. Joint Tightness 95 3. Specifying a Gasket Size for the Flange System 94 2. The best single-volume reference on the metallurgy, selection, processing, performance, and evaluation of stainless steels, incorporating essential information culled from across the ASM Handbook series. Requirement is based on minimum flow in GPM from each sprinkler. The K-factor is simply the tangent of half the bend angle. Grade 317 stainless steel is a modified version of 316 stainless steel. 7 W/(m K). The deduction is 1. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. 2 (16. •G is the geometry factor •qis the thermal conductivity integral. 820 × 3. 2 5. Overall heat transfer coefficient is expressed as W/m2 °C or kcal/h, m2 °C. The main factor causing pitting corrosion is the breakdown of the passivity layer (i. American Society for Metals ASM International ASM World Headquarters 9639. units by 10. To determine allowable working pressure at elevated temperatures, multiply allowable working pressures from Tables 2 throughBend Allowance Chart K factor 0. Simple gauge tables have K-Factor, gauge values, gauge thicknesses, and available radii. Insert the inner radius, R i = 1 mm R_i =1 ext{ mm} R i = 1 mm. 6 (80), 8. stainless steel with good general corrosion resistance. I. 2. Conductive heat transfer per unit area can be calculated as. This per-. In our case, we will use the table for ALUMINUM-INCH. Take the bend allowance as 2. Step 6 Calculate the entire friction loss for the pipe including the fittings in this case only 90° bends but normally it also includes valves, reducers, equipment etc. 5mm up to 6. Steel pipe with other pipe wall thick-nesses are permitted to be used when the pipe is specially listed. View Product. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. Modeling up my first stainless steel parts, as I usually only use mild steel. 2% carbon and other alloying elements. The thermal conductivity coefficient k is a material parameter depending on temperature, physical properties of the material, water content, and the pressure on the material [3]. This factor is particularly important in joints that will oper-ate at elevated temperatures in a cyclic tempera-ture mode. We multiply this factor by the material thickness to determine the distance the neutral axis shifted toward the inside radius during bending. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. The Hazen–Williams equation has the advantage that the coefficient C is not a function of the Reynolds number , but it has the disadvantage that it is only valid for water . Derating factor at 482°F (250°C) is 0. K-Factor transformers are designed not to eliminate harmonics, but to withstand their negative effects. 20. stainless steel 316 (for mv-bs) stainless steel 316l-blow-off cap elastomer elastomer elastomer elastomer note: equivalent specification is indicative only. 0 μm level mostly of Fe 3 O 4 with some of α-Fe 2 O 3, which means. So best would be to ask the shop floor people on what they prefer for K factor w. Some of the many variables causing problems are. Using the table of fittings and K. Italian / italiano. a. K = nut factor. For example, chromium can be added for corrosion resistance, nickel can improve toughness and ductility, and. Stainless steel prevents rusting because of its composition. If the reduction is a concern with a standard Inductive sensor there are specialty Inductive sensor such as Factor 1 sensors that will detect ferrous an non-ferrous material at the. [/su_accordion] The Darcy friction factor is a dimensionless quantity used in the Darcy–Weisbach equation, for the description of frictional losses in pipe or duct as well as for open-channel flow. The bending tool has a radius of 30 mm which means that our Inside Bend Radius (R) is 30 mm. The K-Factor is used to calculate both the position of the Neutral Axis and the amount of material that must be removed in order to achieve the desired flat pattern. The indicated residual pressures are based on the nominal K-factor. The example uses water in system of standard weight carbon steel pipe. Other applications include fasteners and screens for the mining industry. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. 85. A hole should be at least three times material thickness away from the edge of the dimple. What K Factor. 062). If your bend radius needs to be adjusted, a member of Engineering & Design Services team will contact you before your design is. For horsepower at the motor (HPm), use formula: HPm = HPC/E. , in. To specify a stainless steel enclosure for an aluminum-wound transformer, substitute the letter “S” in the fifth character of the GE product number. First, we choose the option to use a gauge table. It is a function of the materials' frictional characteristics, which are based on surface finish, coatings and so on. Transformers that carry a K Factor rating define the transformer’s ability to withstand a given harmonic load while operating within the transformer’s insulation class. The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. 2 P a. It also has variants with low carbon and high nitrogen. Click here for a Gauge to mm Conversion Chart . Its carbon content is ≤0. 1. D = pipe diameter [m] V = fluid velocity [m/s] g = gravitational constant [9. After bending the sheet, insert the inner radius, and. Document. In Machinery’s Handbook, the K-factor for mild cold-rolled steel with 60,000-PSI tensile strength is 0. 33 K factor 0. Calculate Thermal Pipe Expansion. Automotive industry. 062 in. 19. When pressure is measured in kPa, divide the metric K-factor shown by 10. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. Mater. 5°. F f = frictional force (N, lb). For complete part number, refer to Viking’s current price schedule. 0015 : 0. The higher the R-value, the greater the insulating effectiveness. Grade 301 Temper ASTM. 1. Steel: 90: 110 – Galvanized iron: 120: 120: Polyethylene: 140: 140: Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 150: 150: Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) 150: 150:Sheet Metal Gauge Chart. EN 12201 - Polyethylene (PE) Pipes for Water Supply, and for Drainage and Sewerage under Pressure - Dimensions Dimensions of PE pipes according EN 12201. 27 *10 /K 17. BA = A 360 × 2π(R + K × Mt) B A = A 360 × 2 π ( R + K × M t) BA = Bend Allowance, A = Bend Angle, R = Internal Radius, K = K-factor. 4 Btu/ft·h·°F at 212 °F), yield. Material. It is recommended for parts that cannot be annealed after welding in certain corrosive environments. rates of 0. We multiply this factor by the material thickness to determine the distance the neutral axis shifted toward the inside radius during bending. 0. e. 29CO 2 eq. Since the friction coefficient - λ - is on both sides of the equation, it must be solved by iteration. Example: Determine L (friction loss in pipe fittings in terms of equivalent length. Step-3: Value of Bend Deduction and Flat pattern are shown in Result Section. 20 percent - 304 stainless steel; 15 percent - Cold-rolled steel; 15 percent - 5052 H32 Aluminum;LOCTITE® LB 771™ is a silver, thick, metallic heavy-duty, high temperature, nickel-based anti-seize lubricant paste. The allowable pressure in a 4 inch schedule 40 carbon steel pipe with outside diameter 4. With the K-factor, the BA is equal to the following: BA = { [ (π ÷ 180) x Ir] + [ (π ÷ 180) x K-factor] x Mt} And the metal sheet has a thickness T = 5 mm T = 5\ \text{mm} T = 5 mm and K-factor K = 0. Specifically, the k-factor value is the neutral axis’ new position after bending, marked “t” in Figure 1, divided by the material thickness (k-factor = t/Mt). 4 in3/min. Example - Linear Expansion. 15 : Parent topic: Engineer’s Reference. While the sheet metal’s inner surface contracts, the exterior expands. How do you calculate the k-factor for different kinds of steel (or materials)? Say I have a stainless steel AISI 316L and a hot rolled steel S235 JR, will they have the same k-factor for similar plate thickness and bend angle? So we bend a lot of mild steel. Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (PDF) Sheet Metal Bend Allowance Chart (Excel) BEND ALLOWANCE; 8 Gauge: 10 Gauge: 12 Gauge: 14 Gauge: 16 Gauge: 18 Gauge: 20 Gauge: 22 Gauge: 24 Gauge: K factor: 0. 301 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be supplied in various hardness and strengths. We bend lots of stainless, which in terms of hardness, is. The basic raw materials are coal, iron ore, limestone and various chemicals. Steel Hex Locknut Steel Hex Flange Nut Grade C FNL Grade 9 Grade F Grade G Clamp Load (lbs. The higher the K factor, the more the support conditions hurt the member’s resistance to buckling, and vice versa. These are 304 SS material. Thermal Expansion of Steel. 2 m 2. This K-factor is applied as an average value for most bend allowance calculations. ACTIVE FILTERS: Clear filters VicFlex™ Style AB6 Assembly – Cold Storage K 5. Stainless steel grade 430 is capable of resisting oxidation up to 870°C (1598°F) in intermittent usage, and up to 815°C (1499°F) in continuous usage. 003 - 0. 33At room temperature, Grade 316 stainless steel also exhibits the following set of properties: Density 99 g/cm 3. Hazen-Williams coefficients are used in the Hazen-Williams equation calculate friction loss in ducts and pipes. Bulletin 065. A material with an emissivity value. 15 - Carbon Steel Alloy @ 60,000 PSI Contact Stress; Certifications. Stainless steel bolts are formed when the raw materials of nickel, iron ore, chromium, silicon, molybdenum, and others, are melted together. Continue to determine the radius of gyration r according to the cross-section of the column: r = √(I / A). PENDENT APPROVALS/LISTINGS SIN V2801 V4201 V2708 V3406 Nominal K Factor Imperial 2. Includes additional data and reference information carefully. Type QL transformers meet DOE 2016 efficiency standards. The thickness is usually specified using a. In 2001, Rasmussen et al. Knowing the k-factor formula is essential in order to bend any kind of sheet metal correctly; in fact, it varies according to the type of material to be deformed. Bend allowance chart for SECC (galvanized steel sheet). The K-factor is calculated based on value ranges and is used to determine the following: Tube bending feasibility (whether it is in fact possible to bend a round,. 20% for various metals, is popular among engineers. Because SS304 contains 18% chromium (Cr) and 8% nickel (Ni), it’s also known as 18/8 stainless steel. 5 to 16. Finish. 0. Bends w/Corrugated Inner Radius. 15 K = 0. Thermal conductivity coefficients for insulation materials, aluminum, asphalt, brass, copper, steel, gases and more. , thermal power per unit area, q = ddot {Q}/dA. Food grade anti-seize compounds are manufactured from white oil and include extreme pressure (EP) additives. 3 in. in feet of straight pipe). 70 *10-6/K. 7K-Factor. C (68. ) Asbestos cementK Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. 6–0. With this equation, if you know K, F and D, you can multiply them to get the torque needed to tighten the bolt so that it has the right amount of tension. The K-factor is the ratio between the the neutral axis to the thickness of the material. tK = tC + 273. 8 kPa/100 m = 1000 mmH2O/100 m. Approvals. (7-8 mm) thick material Austenitic Material (T304) 0. 4(30) for smooth wall semi-rigid tubing, in Table 402. The chemical compositions (in mass%) of these four types of stainless steels are shown in Table 1. The relationship between heat and temperature change is usually expressed in the form. The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film that resists oxidation and makes the material “passive” or corrosion resistant. 3. Comparative Pipe Roughness Values: Material: Manning's Coefficient n: Hazen-Williams C: Darcy-Weisbach Roughness Height k (mm) k (0. 5 – 0. G. $ 29. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. Stainless Steel 296 x 10 -5 35 x 10–5 Copper 326 x 10 -5 44 x 10 -5 Aluminum 415 x 10 -5 47 x 10 -5 Iron 198 x 10 -518 x 10 Invar 40 x 10 -5-. Generic K-factors Aluminum Steel Radius Soft materials Medium materials Hard materials Air bending: 0 to thickness: 0. 50 r/d=0. 64-Rubber (60 A Belt). 33 in practical use and at my shop they use as small as 0. The SUS445 stainless steel contains small. Globally, 304 accounts for more than 50% of stainless steel consumed. 8 Bare Steel; DIN 7984-10. R = inside bend radius. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. 15%, and the minimum chromium content is only 1% less than 304. 93 g/cm3 (0. The maximum temperature increase relative to the environment inside the enclosure can be determined from the following equation: (Ti-Tu) = Qv / (k*A) Where:The results demonstrate that, generally, Nitinol K wires have a shorter life for the same applied stress than the stainless steel or titanium wires. Then under Bend Allowance section select this new custom. 166: S-M2-X: M2. 1 ft (foot) = 0. factor (kg CO2eq per unit) Uncertainty Conversion Gas GWP GWP CH4 kg 0%25. K Factor: K Factor is a torque coefficient between bolt and receptacle. Material: stainless steel SS316 or SMO (6Mo) While our standard sprinklers are manufactured from brass, we offer several special finshes and materials for maximum corrosion resistance a. Conductive heat transfer per unit area can be calculated as. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. Fracture toughness. 33: K factor:. Where the neutral axis is situated in a bend is commonly called the “K-Factor” as it is signified as “K” in the development formulas. A com plete listing of all AISI stainless steels and a description of each are contained in the AISI publica tion, "Steel Products Manual -Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steels, December 197 4. The required tonnage is often prohibitive. Hazen-Williams Coefficients Table. The bend test is obtained around a diameter of the bend factor multiplied by the steel thickness. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. 0 K-factor, Extended Coverage Horizontal Sidewall Sprinklers are extended coverage, decorative 3 mm glass-bulb type spray sprinklers designed for use in hydraulically calculated sprinkler systems in light hazard, commercial occupancies such as churches, restaurant seating areas, hotels, educational facilities,. Product code: 06398G. Product code: ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. 87, or about 2. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. For high-strength, low-alloy, and stainless steels, 1,800 pounds of pressure per lineal inch should be used. NPT sprinkler joint should be obtained with a torque of Conductive Heat Transfer through a Stainless Steel Pot Wall with thickness 2 mm - temperature difference 80 o C. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. ) by Elias A. Although, measurement variations by an order of 10-1 have been observed, the. They also have excellent toughness and can be used in the food, marine, chemical and architectural fields. The growth increases linearly with increasing ΔK and above ΔK th. SS 304 is non-magnetic under annealing conditions, but after cold working (such as stamping, stretching, bending, rolling), part of the. The K Factor Calculator uses the thickness of the material, bend angle, inside radius, and bend allowance to find the K factor. Grade 330 stainless steel can be welded using GAW techniques. 36 N in air, wear surfaces are covered by oxide films and fine and thin wear particles of 0. For example, 9T10A1004 changes to 9T10S1004. 000005 : Seamless commercial steel (new) 0. T = material thickness. The thermal conductivity of steel is measured at approximately 45 W/ (mK), which is extremely low compared to copper and aluminum that exhibit a thermal conductivity value of 398 W/ (mK) and 235 W/ (mK) respectively. 75–1°. Mechanical Engineer. Swagelok Tube Fittings Up to 1 in . 1 mm can be made in polypropylene PP, aluminum or stainless steel. Relative roughness can be expressed as. Calculate the effective length as: Leff = K × L. The capacity factor is determined through experience and for each application it is influenced by the type and style of mist eliminator, the relative geometry of mist eliminator to vapor flow, as well as process considerations such as operating pressure, fluid viscosities and liquid surface tension. If you were to re-use PTFE coated studs, the corrosion-resistant coating on the threads will most likely. It has high strength and corrosion resistance. The span in the values may be caused by the variation in the materials themselves - or by the variation in the sources used. 1 A36 Steel 3/8” less than 60 53. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). Related DocumentsThe friction force is the force exerted by a surface when an object moves across it - or makes an effort to move across it. Its work hardening rate is extremely high, with each increase in the amount of cold work, the tensile strength and yield strength will increase significantly. 16: Miscellaneous Data: Applied Load: Tensile: kg?Carbon Footprint of Steel Per Kg. Bulletin 184. W. To help you begin I’ve included a K-Factor Chart below which contains common K-Factor starting points, good for general fabrication, for steel, aluminum and stainless steel. Step 1a: Choose Installation Type. F1XLH and F1FRXLH Series Standard Spray Sprinklers. Multiple escutcheon options allow up to 1/2-inch (12,7-mm. Related Documents Bimetallic Strips Heat and bending of bimetallic strips. °K-1. The k-factor is found by dividing time by the thickness of the material: The formula for the k-factor is t/Mt. Bend allowance with a K-Factor is calculated as follows: BA=pi (R + KT) A/180. 45 The K-factor also increases with harder materials such as steel and stainless steel but never exceeds the 0.